Policy Impact By Area

Whether it's driving groundbreaking research, speaking on expert panels, testifying before Congress and other government bodies, elevating the use of technology in the public policy sphere, testing new ideas and programs, or sharing perspectives in the media, Heinz College's cross-disciplinary thought leaders are out in front on the most pressing issues of our time.
From health care and trade to criminal justice and national security, there is no shortage of consequential policy debates in the United States and abroad. Heinz College confronts such complex problems with novel approaches and innovative methodologies guided by evidence.
Heinz College doesn't just participate in these conversations. We lead them, shift them, and shape them.
AI & the SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY

Policy and technology have historically been separate domains, but more and more the lines between the two—and the demands they place on each other—are blurring. From the future of work to algorithmic bias, technology has the potential to reshape our society, and our experts are visionaries who advise policymakers and craft solutions that will ensure technology has broad and inclusive social benefits. Learn how Heinz College is leading the way in AI policy.
Key Experts: Ramayya Krishnan, Leman Akoglu, Lee Branstetter, Rayid Ghani, Christopher Goranson, Kristen Kurland, Anand Rao, Rachel Dzombak, David Steier, Rahul Telang
Recent Activity:
- AI experts return from China stunned: The U.S. grid is so weak, the race may already be over [Fortune]
- Not today, AI: Despite corporate hype, few signs that the tech is taking jobs — yet [NBC News]
- AI’s Overlooked $97 Billion Contribution to the Economy [The Wall Street Journal]
- AI Competition: Public Policy Strategies [MIT Technology Review]
- OpenAI sues Elon Musk claiming 'bad-faith tactics' [BBC]
- A Disaster for American Innovation [The Atlantic]
- Google's breakup trial is turning into a fight for the future of AI [Yahoo Finance]
- Trump’s second term will have enormous implications for Big Tech. Here's why. [Yahoo Finance]
Recent Publications:
- Human Tutoring Improves the Impact of AI Tutor Use on Learning Outcomes, Artificial Intelligence in Education: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education
- GenAI Misinformation, Trust, and News Consumption: Evidence from a Field Experiment, Working Paper
- LLM Time Machines: Valuing Digital Goods Over Time, Working Paper
- The Effects of AI Ingestion on Rightsholders’ Incentives, Chapter of Identifying the Economic Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Copyright Policy: Context and Direction for Economic Research
- The U.S. Government's Role in Harnessing Technology for Future Prosperity, Transition Memo
- The Commission on the Geopolitical Impacts of New Technologies and Data, Atlantic Council
- The Need for Transparency in Artificial Intelligence, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security; U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
- Governing AI Through Acquisition and Procurement, Testimony Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
- National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee (NAIAC) Year 1 Report, Report to the President of the United States
CRIME & DRUG POLICY

Heinz College is at the forefront of research in criminal justice including recidivism, policing, sentencing and incarceration, gun violence, the impacts of algorithmic bias in criminal justice, and evidence-based recommendations for criminal justice reform; key areas of drug policy research include studies of new cannabis markets, substance abuse, and the reduction/prevention of opioid deaths.
Key Experts: Al Blumstein, Jonathan Caulkins, Daniel Nagin
Recent Activity:
- How Trump is making pot a MAGA issue [Axios]
- The mysterious drop in fentanyl seizures on the U.S.-Mexico border [The Washington Post]
- Legal Weed Didn't Deliver on its Promises [The Atlantic]
- How should drug policy respond to surging supplies of dangerous drugs? [Brookings Institution]
- The American Drug Mules Smuggling Fentanyl Into the U.S. [The New York Times]
- How to stop mass shootings before they start [Vox]
- Professor Jonathan Caulkins was cited across major outlets for his work on cannabis use in the U.S., including The Associated Press, CNBC, The Economist, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, Newsweek, The Telegraph, The Hill, USA Today, and Fox News.
Recent Publications:
- Legalization, Decriminalization, and Other Alternatives to Prohibitions That Create Illegal Markets, Manhattan Institute
- Possible Effects of Cheap Fentanyl on Drug Markets, Use and Harm: A Theoretical Analysis, Global Crime
- Historical and Contextual Variation in Daily Opioid Consumption Rates: Implications for Supply Control, Service Delivery, and Research, The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
- Fentanyl at the Gates: Comparing Large Seizures at the U.S.-Mexican and U.S.-Canadian Borders, Manhattan Institute
- How Environmental Features and Perceptions Influence the Perceived Risks and Rewards of Criminal Opportunities, Criminology
- Measuring criticism of the police in the local news media using large language models, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- How Should Drug Policy Respond to Surging Supplies of Dangerous Drugs? Foreign Policy at Brookings
- Reactive Guardianship: Who Intervenes? How? And Why? Criminology
CYBERSECURITY & DATA PRIVACY

As the world becomes more connected and data is both generated and collected at unprecedented rates, the need for policy solutions in cybersecurity and privacy have grown tremendously. Key areas of research and influence include risk management, election security, and privacy economics.
Key Experts: Alessandro Acquisti, Rahul Telang, Gregory Touhill, Randall Trzeciak
Recent Activity:
- In 23andMe case, a fight brews over who can sell your genetic code [The Washington Post]
- Why Hackers Want Your Health Information [The Wall Street Journal]
- Google searches are becoming a bigger target of cybercriminals with the rise of ‘malvertising’ [CNBC]
- These Internet Browsers Promise Privacy. What Does That Actually Mean? [The Wall Street Journal]
- How is your location data really tracked? You'd be surprised [National Geographic]
- Virtual credit cards: What are they and should you use them? [The Wall Street Journal]
- If It’s Advertised to You Online, You Probably Shouldn’t Buy It. Here’s Why. [The New York Times]
Recent Publications:
- Device and Risk-Avoidance Behavior in the Context of Cybersecurity Phishing Attacks, International Journal of Information Management
- Bridging the Community College Cybersecurity Classroom and Workplace with CyberSim Lab, Proceedings of the 56th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education
- Personalized Privacy Preservation in Consumer Mobile Trajectories, Information Systems Research
- Policy Impacts of Statistical Uncertainty and Privacy, Science
- Could Ransomware Attacks Ultimately Benefit Consumers?, Harvard Business Review
- Secrets and Likes: The Drive for Privacy and the Difficulty of Achieving It in the Digital Age, Journal of Consumer Psychology
- Should Credit Card Issuers Reissue Cards in Response to a Data Breach?, ACM
DIGITAL & CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

Many industries have been turned upside down by technology and big data, which has caused the rise of new business models as well as complex consumer behaviors and legal concerns. Our experts inform policymakers and industry leaders alike on how 21st century innovations like social media and digital streaming impact economics, politics, and culture.
Key Experts: Avinash Collis, Pedro Ferreira, Beibei Li, Ananya Sen, Michael D. Smith, Rahul Telang
Recent Activity:
- Too Big to Prosecute?: Examining the AI Industry’s Mass Ingestion of Copyrighted Works for AI Training [U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime and Counterterrorism]
- BarkBox Apologizes for Leaked Message Suspending Pride Marketing [The Wall Street Journal]
- Here's why HBO Max has rebranded so many times [Business Insider]
- Arkansas Social Media Age-Check Law’s Demise Threatens Others [Bloomberg Law]
- The return of dumb things: Why young people are ditching their smartphones for MP3 players and digital cameras [Yahoo Life]
- Are Food Influencers Going To Make Restaurant Critics Obsolete? [HuffPost]
- Without subscriber numbers, what will Netflix brag about? [Marketplace]
- Meta fuels disinformation fears [The Hill]
Recent Publications:
- Operational Decision-Making Around Movie Piracy & Theatrical Release: A Structural Model of Movie Piracy vs. Legal (In-Theater) Consumption, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management
- Can Gen AI and Copyright Coexist?, Harvard Business Review
- Identifying the Economic Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Copyright Policy: Context and Direction for Economic Research, U.S. Copyright Office
- When Less Is More: Data and Power in Advertising Experiments, Marketing Science
- Social Media and Well-Being: Impact of TikTok on Screentime and Sleep Patterns, Working Paper
- Privacy Choice During Crisis, Management Science
- One Size Fits All? Informational Accessibility and Inclusivity in Online Platforms, Working Paper
- The Consumer Welfare Effects of Online Ads: Evidence from a 9-Year Experiment, Working Paper
- Firms' Desire for Ad Revenue Tied to Inadvertently Financing Online Misinformation Outlets, Nature
Energy, Environment & SUSTAINABILITY

Rapid social and political changes have placed increasing demands on institutions to be agents of equity. Our energy experts, environmental economists, and sustainability leaders dig deep into the effects of climate change, regulations, and adoption of the UN Sustainable Development Goals on crucial areas like health; clean air, water and soil; child development; equality and justice; and the global economy.
Key Experts: Karen Clay, Akshaya Jha, Sarah Mendelson
Recent Activity:
- Professor Akshaya Jha was cited across major outlets for his research on air quality, including The New York Times, NPR, NBC News and WIRED.
- How Trump's executive order on coal could impact energy use in the US [ABC News]
- How Much Electricity Does the US Import from Canada? [Newsweek]
- How is the White House shaping clean energy supply and demand? [Marketplace]
- Joe Biden's Dilemma on Natural Gas Exports [The Wall Street Journal]
- US neighborhoods with more people of color suffer worse air pollution [The Guardian]
- Banning energy exports is a terrible idea [The Hill]
Recent Publications:
- Early Life Shocks, Market Adjustments, and Black-White Inequality, Working Paper
- Polluting Public Funds: The Effect of Environmental Regulations on Municipal Bonds, Management Science
- Quantifying Grid Resilience Against Extreme Weather Using Large-Scale Customer Power Outage Data, INFORMS Journal on Data Science
- Hierarchical Probabilistic Conformal Prediction for Energy Resources Adoption, Working Paper
- The Social Lifecycle Impacts of Power Plant Siting in the Historical United States, NBER
- Carbon Rollercoaster: A Historical Analysis of Decarbonization in the United States, Journal of Economic Perspectives
- Medical School Closures, Market Adjustment, and Mortality in the Flexner Report Era, Working Paper
- Start-Up Costs and Market Power: Lessons from the Renewable Energy Transition, American Economic Review
- The Hidden Toll of Airborne Lead: Infant Mortality Impacts of Industrial Lead Pollution, Working Paper
- The Impact of Air Pollution on Petcare Utilization, Working Paper
Health care

Our faculty push the boundaries of what's possible in health care, whether its groundbreaking analysis of existing and emerging health care markets and models, or opening new frontiers in health care powered by technology.
Key Experts: George Chen, Martin Gaynor, Amelia Haviland, Rema Padman, Lowell Taylor, Holly Wiberg
Recent Activity:
- Could a new Lenox Hill Hospital raise health care costs? [Politico]
- U.S. Opens Antitrust Investigation Into NewYork-Presbyterian [The New York Times]
- UnitedHealth Grew to Be a Leviathan. Then Came the Backlash. [The New York Times]
- Trends and Consequences in Health Insurer Consolidation [The Center for American Progress]
- We're Living in a Land of Monopolies [Newsweek]
- How Virtual Reality Is Expanding Health Care [TIME]
- When Hospitals Buy Doctor Practices, Do Prices Always Rise? [Bloomberg]
Recent Publications:
- Changes in Access to High Pediatric Readiness Emergency Care in the United States from 2013 to 2021, Journal of Pediatrics
- Promoting Health Literacy With Human-in-the-Loop Video Understandability Classification of YouTube Videos: Development and Evaluation Study, Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Operating Room-to-Downstream Elective Surgery Planning Under Uncertainty, European Journal of Operational Research
- Leveraging Expertise in Interorganizational Teaming: Exploring the Intertwined Roles of Goal Awareness and Expertise Awareness, Health Care Management Review
- Expecting Harm? The Impact of Rural Hospital Acquisitions on Maternal Healthcare, Working Paper
- Enhancing End-Stage Renal Disease Outcome Prediction: A Multisourced Data-Driven Approach, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
- The Rise of Health Care Platforms, Journal of the American Medical Association
LABOR Economics, Trade & Immigration
Photo: Peterson Institute/Jeremey Tripp
At the intersection of technology and society, the areas of economics, trade, and immigration face complex and evolving questions. Topics of research include the future of work—including economic disruption and labor displacement fueled by automation and AI—the effects of immigration on local economies, the rise of China as an economic power, and the impact of trade wars, past and current.
Key Experts: Lee Branstetter, Andrew Garin, Felix Koenig, Brian Kovak, Lowell Taylor
Recent Activity:
- Trump Tells Farmers ‘Changes Are Coming’ to Immigration Crackdown [The New York Times]
- The Lessons from China's Dominance in Manufacturing [Financial Times]
- The Fortress That China Built for Its Battle With America [The Wall Street Journal]
- Trump’s tariffs: ‘It feels like Covid 2.0. So many things are getting disrupted’ [The Guardian]
- Trump’s ‘angry’ tariff threat on Russian oil has Putin cornered—and it could accelerate a peace deal with Ukraine, expert says [Fortune]
- Want evidence Trump’s tariffs are upending the global economy? Here it is [CNN]
- How to renew American leadership on the SDGs [The Brookings Institution]
Recent Publications:
- Anthropomorphising the Algorithm: A ‘Theory of Mind’ Perspective on Psychological Contract Creation in Gig Work Arrangements, Human Resource Management Journal
- Economics, GDP-B: Accounting for the Value of New and Free Goods, American Economic Journal
- Do Place-Based Industrial Interventions Help "Left-Behind" Workers? Lessons from WWII and Beyond, Working Paper
- Trade-offs in Leveraging External Data Capabilities: Evidence from a Field Experiment in an Online Search Market, Management Science
- The Long-Run Labour Market Effects of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, Review of Economic Studies
Managing the ARTS

At the crossroads of creativity, technology, and strategy, arts management faculty explore how cultural institutions thrive in a rapidly evolving world. Our faculty examine the leadership, economics, and policy dimensions of the arts—investigating topics like audience engagement, nonprofit governance, digital innovation, and sustainable funding models. Their work empowers leaders, artists, organizations, and communities to navigate change and amplify impact through the arts.
Key Experts: Brett Ashley Crawford, Daniel Green
Recent Activity:
- DOGE cuts at National Endowment for the Humanities hit Carnegie Museums, Phipps and more [WESA Radio]
- How the Kansas City Chiefs became the villains in their playoff battle with the Buffalo Bills [NBC]
- Spielberg’s deal with Netflix is latest chapter in complicated relationship [MarketWatch]
- Les Paul Recording Studio Opens [Guitar Player Magazine]
- In Defense of Spoiling the End of the TV Show [Time]
Recent Publications:
- Entrepreneurial Arts and Cultural Leadership: Traits of Success in Nonprofit Theater, Intellect Books
- Raising the Curtain Technology Success Stories from Performing Arts Leaders and Artists, Wiley
- The NFT Art Marketplace: Trends and Considerations, ETC Press
- Using Podcasts to Enhance Student Learning Inside & Outside the Classroom, ENCATC Scholars Journal
Organization & Management

In a world of rapid change and complex institutions, understanding how organizations function—and how they can adapt—is more critical than ever. Our faculty explore the dynamics of leadership, decision-making, innovation, and organizational design across sectors. From managing digital transformation and hybrid workforces to fostering inclusive cultures and resilient systems, their research helps shape the future of effective, ethical, and agile organizations.
Key Experts: David Krackhardt, Chris Labash, David Lassman, Anna Mayo, Stacy Rosenberg, Denise Rousseau
Recent Activity:
- AT&T CEO's Memo Just Made It Official: Workplace Loyalty Is Dead [Business Insider]
- How To Destroy Motivation And Initiative: Your Boss Fails To See You [Forbes]
- The Secret to Getting Promoted Quickly at a New Job [The Wall Street Journal]
- Inside the Rise of Layoff Support Groups [Business Insider]
- The Workplace Pyschological Contract is Broken. Here's How to Fix It. [Harvard Business Review]
- Revenge RTO: Workers are coming in late, leaving early and stealing snacks as they find small ways to get get back at their bosses [Fortune]
- Gen Z Are Burnt Out and Ready to Quit Their Jobs [Newsweek]
Recent Publications:
- Monster Transformation: Conquer Your Digital Fears, Be AI Ready, and Focus on What Matters to Your Organization, Wiley
- Willingness to Pay for Workplace Amenities, Centre for Economic Performance
- The Roles of Learning and Status Attainment in Successful Newcomer Socialization: Random Assignments to Complex Projects and Early Career Outcomes, Academy of Management Journal
- Anthropomorphising the Algorithm: A ‘Theory of Mind’ Perspective on Psychological Contract Creation in Gig Work Arrangements, Human Resource Management Jounal
- Balance Correlations, Agentic Zeros, and Networks: The Structure of 192 Years of War and Peace, PLOS One
- Coordination in Dynamic Teams: Investigating a Learning–Productivity Trade-Off, Organization Science
- Evidence-based decision-making is a social endeavor, Behavioral Science & Policy
URBAN POLICY & SMART CITIES
Photo: Brookings Institution/Paul Morigi
One of the most profound changes in the Fourth Industrial Revolution will be the coming online of smart cities and communities across the globe, which will create new possibilities for citizen engagement, public safety, economic growth, and quality of life. Heinz College is a global leader in advancing smart cities research and policy.
Key Experts: Mark Kamlet, Karen Lightman, Sean Qian, Raj Rajkumar
Recent Activity:
- A deadly crash and Musk’s exaggerations: Inside two lawsuits over Tesla’s self-driving tech [Los Angeles Times]
- We asked 3 autonomous driving experts to comment on Tesla's robotaxi launch and break down videos of some of its errors [Business Insider]
- Trump vehicle charger funds freeze is first move to unwind EV policy [Axios]
- Tesla pullback puts onus on others to build electric vehicle chargers [The New York Times]
- Self-driving trucks claim climate benefits [Scientific American]
- Wall Street is looking to Tesla's earnings for clues to Musk's plan to restore company's wild growth [The Associated Press]
- Tesla Pullback Puts Onus on Others to Build Electric Vehicle Chargers [The New York Times]
Recent Publications:
- Ridesharing and Digital Resilience for Urban Anomalies: Evidence from NYC Taxi Market, Information Systems Research
- Fractional GPUs: Software-Based Compute and Memory Bandwidth Reservation for GPUs, IEEE
- Thin-Plate Spline-based Adaptive 3D Surround View, IEEE
- The Impact of Ride-hailing Services on Congestion: Evidence from Indian Cities, SSN
- Truck traffic monitoring with satellite images, ACM
- CSIP: A Synchronous Protocol for Automated Vehicles at Road Intersections, ACM
COVID-19 RESPONSE & RECOVERY

Since the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, Heinz College has advised government and public health leaders at all levels with evidence-based strategies and policy recommendations. Our faculty's interdisciplinary expertise and innovative approaches have proved critical in responding to the economic, health, and political crises posed by COVID-19.
Key Experts: Ramayya Krishnan, Scott Andes, Lee Branstetter, Jonathan Caulkins, Karen Clay, Martin Gaynor, Rayid Ghani, Beibei Li, Daniel Nagin, Rema Padman, Peter Zhang
Recent Activity:
- Advancing Best Practices for Just COVID-19 Relief and Recovery Efforts [The Brookings Institution]
- CMU Dashboard Will Help Inform State Decision-Makers During the Pandemic
- Americans are still waiting for stimulus checks — let states and localities distribute them [The Hill]
- Using Machine Learning to Feed Families in Need During the Pandemic
- COVIDCast Now Monitoring Daily Mask Use, COVID-19 Testing
- Creativity Would Allow More Americans to Return to Work, Soon [Politico]
- Data-Driven Response and Recovery Strategies for COVID-19
Recent Publications:
- The Hammer and the Jab: Are COVID-19 Lockdowns and Vaccinations Complements or Substitutes?, European Journal of Operational Research
- Non-Stationary Spatio-Temporal Point Process Modeling for High-Resolution COVID-19 Data, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
- Critical Technologies for a Post-COVID-19 World
- Voter Protection Corps Unveils National Action Plan to Protect In-Person Voting
- Mobility Data Used to Respond to COVID-19 Can Leave Out Older and Non-White People, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency
POLICY PROPOSALS, WHITE PAPERS, and Reports FROM STUDENTS

Our students work alongside leading faculty researchers to explore critical policy questions and devise evidence-based, implementable solutions. Research projects are completed via independent study or in courses designed to promote policy analysis and research. Students are also encouraged to participate in student-run policy publications and initiatives, including the Heinz Journal and Heinz Radio.
Recent ACtivity, Policy Proposals, PAPERs, and REPORTS:
- Mindset Matters: Employing Economic Research and Practical Interventions to Fight Poverty
- Finding The Needle In The Haystack: CMU Students Develop AI Tool To Improve The Usability Of Government Reports
- Collaboration On AI-Powered Patient Safety Research Flags Drug Side Effects
- Dark Web Fentanyl-Selling Operations Have Grown Rapidly, Offer Steep Discounts
- Policy Impacts of Statistical Uncertainty and Privacy
- Flipping the Script on Criminal Justice Risk Assessment: An Actuarial Model for Assessing the Risk the Federal Sentencing System Poses to Defendents
- Commonwealth of PA and CMU Present Findings of Report on Pennsylvania's Innovation Economy
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Source of Income Law
- Study Draws Lessons About Drug Policy By Examining History Of Fireworks Regulation, Prohibitions
- Industrial Redevelopment of PA’s Mill Towns
- Outlawing Snatch-And-Stash
- Addressing Barriers to Homeownership for Households of Color
- The Case for Raising the Minimum Wage in Pennsylvania
- A Dime on the Dollar: Linking Economic Markets with Racial Oppression of Black Americans
- COVID-19’s Ever-Growing Impact on Our Health
- Racial and Economic Disparities in Social Security Retirement Benefits
ENGAGING WITH LEADERS AT EVERY LEVEL
Our students and faculty regularly have meaningful engagements with leaders from the City of Pittsburgh, local and county agencies, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, national politicians including U.S. Representatives Mike Doyle (PA-18) and Conor Lamb (PA-17), and distinguished guest speakers and lecturers.
LEADING PUBLIC DISCOURSE
Heinz College has hosted several high-profile primary debates, as well as speaker series events with elected leaders.
Addressing Important Issues
Professor Ramayya Krishnan recently participated in Senator Bob Casey's Congressional Round Table on how technology impacts workplace safety outcomes and hosted U.S. Department of Labor CIO...
EXEMPLIFYING RESILIENCE AND RESOLVE
San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz (HNZ '86) came to campus for conversations about energy resilience and leadership.
REPRESENTING INTELLIGENT ACTION
U.S. Rep Susie Lee (HNZ '90) recently won election to Congress from Nevada's 3rd district. She met with our policy students in DC to discuss how CMU shaped her approach to leadership.
A NATIONAL PLATFORM FOR BIG IDEAS
President Obama held the White House Frontiers Conference at CMU to discuss building America's capacity in science, technology, and innovation
Generative AI & Copyright
Testifying before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Prof. Michael Smith warns that using pirated content to train AI harms creators; he calls for legal protections to sustain innovation.
AI Transparency
Professor Ramayya Krishnan explained the need for transparency in artificial intelligence, testifying to a sub-committee of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
Governing AI Acquisitions
Prof. Rayid Ghani puts forward recommendations to the Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee for procuring and using AI systems in way that will result in a more equitable society.
Equitable Algorithms
Prof. Rayid Ghani speaks to the House Financial Services Committee as part of the Task Force on Artificial Intelligence.
Decoding Health Care Markets
Prof. Martin Gaynor testifies before the House Judiciary Committee on the Effects of Consolidation and Anticompetitive Conduct in Health Care Markets