David M. Krackhardt
Professor of Organizations and Public Policy (Joint appointment with the Tepper School of Business)
David Krackhardt is Professor of Organizations at the Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy, with a joint appointment at the Tepper School of Business.
Over the past 15 years, his research has focused on how the theoretical insights and methodological innovations of network analysis can enhance our understanding of how organizations function. He pioneered the concept of "cognitive social structures", wherein individuals provide their perceptions of the entire network in which they are embedded. He empirically has related these perceived structures to turnover, reputations and power in organizations. Another interest of his has been in developing methodologies for better understanding networks and their implications. His contributions in this arena include adapting the quadratic assignment procedure to multiple regression analyses of network data. In addition, he has developed methods drawing from graph theory for studying the shape and structure of organizations as a whole.
His published works have appeared in a variety of journals in the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology and management. His current research agenda includes developing models of diffusion of controversial innovations, exploring and testing visual representations of networks, identifying effective leverage points for organizational change, and exploring the roles of Simmelian (super-strong) ties in organizations.
Prior to joining Carnegie Mellon University, Dr. Krackhardt's appointments included faculty positions at Cornell's Graduate School of Management, the University of Chicago's Graduate School of Business, INSEAD (France) and the Harvard Business School.
He received a BS degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a PhD from the University of California, Irvine.
Prof. Krackhardt was born in 1950 in Massachusetts. He is married with three children.
In The Media
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- Fast Company - How to build influence to get your ideas heard (09-15-2025)
- Wall Street Journal - The Secret to Getting Promoted Quickly at a New Job (07-23-2025)
- The University Network - Early Career Complex Projects Yield Long-Term Benefits (05-28-2025)
- EurekAlert - Employees assigned more complex projects early in their work history had better outcomes later in their careers (05-27-2025)
- The Last Show with David Cooper - The Nazca Lines (05-26-2025)
- PHYS.org - Study shows employees assigned more complex projects early in their work history had better career outcomes (05-22-2025)
- Heriot Watt University - Researchers led by Heriot-Watt develop a new way of understanding international relations (12-20-2024)
- EurekAlert - Neutrality has played a pivotal, but under-examined, role in international relations, new research shows (12-20-2024)
- Yale Insights - Your Friends Have More Friends Than You—and That’s a Good Thing for Marketers and Public Health Officials (10-23-2024)
- Nature - Transformation starts at the periphery of networks where pushback is less (05-18-2024)
Publications
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- "Violence in the balance: a structural analysis of how rivals, allies, and third-parties shape inter-gang violence." Global Crime 21 no. 1: 3-27. *Kiminori Nakamura, Tita, George, and Krackhardt, David [2020]
- "Online Knowledge Communities: Breaking or Sustaining Knowledge Silos?" Production and Operations Management 29 no. 1: 138-155. *Hwang, Elina, and David Krackhardt [2020]
- "Transitivity correlation: A descriptive measure of network transitivity." Network Science 7, no. 3: 353-375. *Dekker, D., D. Krackhardt, and TAB Snijders [2019]
- "Teammate familiarity, teamwork, and risk of workplace injury in emergency medical services teams." Journal of Emergency Nursing. 43 , no. 4: 339-346. *Hughes, AM, ... Krackhardt, D., et al. [2017]
- "Teammate familiarity and risk of injury in emergency medical services." Emergency Medicine Journal. 33, no. 4: 280-285. *Patterson, P Daniel; Weaver, Matthew D; Landsittel, Douglas P; Krackhardt, David; Hostler, David; Vena, John E; Hughes, Ashley M; Salas, Eduardo; Yealy, Donald M. [2016]
- "How familiar are clinician teammates in the emergency department?" Emergency Medicine Journal. 32, no. 4: 258-262. *Patterson PD, Pfei er AJ, Lave JR, Weaver MD, Abebe K, Krackhardt D, Arnold RM, Yealy D. [2015]
- "The integration of psychological and network perspectives in organizational scholarship." Organization Science. 26, no. 4: 1162-1176. *Casciaro, Tiziana; Barsade, Sigal G; Edmondson, Amy C; Gibson, Cristina B; Krackhardt, David; Labianca, Giuseppe; [2015]
- "Being a catalyst of innovation: The role of knowledge diversity and network closure." Organization Science. 26, no. 2: 423-438. *Tortoriello, Marco; McEvily, Bill; Krackhardt, David [2015]
- "A comparative assessment of adverse event classification in the out of hospital setting." Prehospital Emergency Care. 18, no. 4: 495-504. *Patterson PD, Lave JR, Weaver MD, Guyette FX, Arnold RM, Martin-Gill C, Rittenberger JC, Krackhardt D, Mosesso VN, Roth RN, Wadas JR, Yealy DM. [2014]
- "The Role of Simmelian Friendship Ties on Retaliation within Triads." Small Group Research. 45, no. 5: 471-505. *Goh, K., D. Krackhardt, L. Weingart, & T. K. Koh. [2014]
- "Peer Inuence in the Diff usion of the iPhone 3G over a Large Social Network." Management Information Systems Quarterly 38, no. 4: 1103-1133. *Godinho de Matos, M., P. A. Ferreira, & D. Krackhardt. [2014]
- "A Preliminary Look at Accuracy in Egonets." Research in the Sociology of Organizations.40:277-293. *Krackhardt, D. [2014]
- "Visualizing Multiple Levels and Dimensions of Social Network Properties." In Huang, W. (Ed.): Handbook of Human Centric Visualization, p. 513-525. New York: Springer. McGrath, Cathleen, Blythe, Jim & Krackhardt, David. [2014]
- "Contrasting multiple social network autocorrelations for binary outcomes, with applications to technology adoption." ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems. 3(4), Article 18:1-21. *Zhang, B., Thomas, A. C., Doreian, P., Krackhardt, D., and Krishnan, R. [2013]
- "The impact of network embeddedness on research output." Research Policy, 42(9): 1555-1567. *Gonzalez-Brambila, Claudia N., Veloso, Francisco M., & Krackhardt, David [2013]
- "Comparing peer influences in large social networks - an empirical study on caller ringback tone." International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013): Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design, pp 844-857. Zhang, Bin, Paul Pavlou, Ramayya Krishnan, David Krackhardt [2013]
- "Network analysis of team communication in a busy emergency department." BMC Health Services Research. 13(1):1-12. *Patterson PD, Pfeiffer AJ, Weaver MD, Krackhardt D, Arnold RM, Yealy DM, Lave JR. [2013]
- "How familiar are clinician teammates in the emergency department?" Emergency Medicine Journal, Dec. 18: 1-5. *Patterson, D., Pfeiffer, A. J., Lave, J. R., Weaver, M. D., Abebe, K.,Krackhardt, D., Arnold, R. M. and Yealy, D. M. [2013]
- "A second look at Krackhardt's Graph Theoretical Dimensions of Informal Organizations." Social Networks. *Everett, Martin, and David Krackhardt [2012]
- "Identification of adverse events in ground transport EMS." American Journal of Medicine Quality, Mar-Apr;27(2):139- 146. *Patterson PD, Weaver MD, Abebe K, Martin-Gill C, Roth R, Suyama J, Guyette FX, Rittenberger J, Krackhardt D, Arnold R, Yealy DM, Lave J. [2012]
- "Association between familiarity and communication between EMT partners." Prehosp Emerg Care, 16(1):158-159. *Patterson PD, Weaver MD, Emeremni CA, Kloke J, Lave JR, Krackhardt D, Yealy DM, Arnold DM. [2012]
- " Power, Politics, and Social Networks in Organizations." Politics in Organizations: Theory and Research Considerations, pp 355-375. Brass, Daniel J & David Krackhardt [2012]
- "Variation in emergency medical technician partner familiarity." Health services research 46,no. 4: 1319-1331. *Patterson PD, Yealy DM, Krackhardt D, Abebe K, Weaver MD. [2011]
- " Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart." Harvard Business Review OnPoint, Spring 2011, pp 30-37. Krackhardt, David & Jeffrey R Hanson [2011]
- " Social Networks and Physician Adoption of Electronic Health Records: Insights from an Empirical Study." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. *Zheng, Kai, Rema Padman, David Krackhardt, Michael P. Johnson, & Herbert S. Diamond [2010]
- " Innovation in Child Welfare: The Adoption and Implementation of Family Group Decision Making in Pennsylvania." Children and Youth Services Review. *Rauktis, Mary Beth, Sharon A. McCarthy, & David Krackhardt [2010]
- " Social Networks." Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, pp 817-821. Krackhardt, David [2010]
- " Predicting Profitability Using Advice Branch Bank Networks." Statistical Methodology, 7: 429-444. *Sarkar, Avranil, Stephen E Feinberg, and David Krackhardt [2010]
- " Activating Cross-Boundary Knowledge: The Role of Simmelian Ties in the Generation of Innovations." Academy of Management Journal, 53:167-181. *Tortoriello, Marco and David Krackhardt [2010]
- " Interpersonal Networks in Organizations: Cognition, Personality, Dynamics, and Culture in Organizations." Cambridge University Press. Kilduff, Martin and David Krackhardt [2008]
- " Organizational Network Perceptions Versus Reality: A Small World After All?" Organizational Behavior and Human Decidion Processes, 107:15-28. Kilduff, Martin and David Krackhardt [2008]
- " Heider vs Simmel: Emergent Features in Dynamic Structure." The Network Workshop Proceedings. Statistical Network Analysis: Models, Issues and New Directions. New York: Springer. Krackhardt, David and Mark Handcock [2007]
- " Sensitivity of MRQAP Tests to Collinearity and Autocorrelation Conditions." Psychometrika 72 (4): 563-581. *Dekker, David, David Krackhardt, and Tom A. B. Snijders [2007]
- " Comment on Model-based Clustering for Social Networks." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A. David Krackhardt [2007]
- " On the Robustness of Centrality Measures under Conditions of Imperfect Data." Social Networks 28:124-136 *Stephen Borgatti, Kathleen Carley, and David Krackhardt [2006]
- " Natural Collection." People Management 11(21):52-54 Krackhardt, David [2005]
- " Network Conditions for Organizational Change." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. *McGrath, Cathleen, and David Krackhardt [2003]
- " An Equilibrium-Correction Model for Dynamic Network Data." Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 27: 193-215. *Dekker, David, Philip Hans Franses, and David Krackhardt [2003]
- " Networked for change? Identifying obstetric opinion leaders and assessing their opinions on caesarean delivery," Social Science & Medicine, 57(12): 2423-2434. *Kravitz, Richard L., David Krackhardt, Joy Melnikow, Carol E. Franz, William M. Gilbert, Andra Zach, Debora A. Paterniti and Patrick S. Romano [2003]
- " Visualizing Complexity in Networks: Seeing Both the Forest and the Trees." Connections, 25(1): 37-47. McGrath, Cathleen, David Krackhardt, and Jim Blythe [2003]
- " Structure, Culture and Simmelian Ties in Entrepreneurial Firms." Social Networks, 24(3): 279-290. *Krackhardt, David, and Martin Kilduff [2002]
- "Festschrift for Linton C. Freeman: Introduction". Social Networks, 24: 311-314 Friedkin, Noah, and David Krackhardt [2002]
- " Destabilizing Networks." Connections, 4(3):79-92. Carley, Kathleen, Ju-Sung Lee, and David Krackhardt [2001]
- " Pre-Transitive Balance Mechanisms for Signed Networks." Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 25: 43-67. *Doreian, Patrick, and David Krackhardt [2001]
- " Intraorganizational Networks." In Joel A. C. Baum (Ed.) Companion to Organizations pp. 58-74. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Raider, Holly, and David Krackhardt [2001]
- " Spreading and Sifting Costs of Lateral Control in a Law Partnership: A Structural Analysis at the Individual Level." Quality & Quantity, 34: 153-175. *Lazega, Emmanuel & David Krackhardt [2000]
- " Redundant goverance structures: An analysis of structural and relational embeddedness in the steel and semiconductor industries." Strategic Management Journal, 21(3): 369-386. *Rowley, Tim, Dean Behrens & David Krackhardt [2000]
- " Choosing work group members: Balancing similarity, competence, and familiarity." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 81(2): 226-251. *Hinds, Pamela J., Kathleen M. Carley; David Krackhardt; Doug Wholey [2000]
- " Modeling Structures of Organizations." In Daniel R. Ilgen and Charles L. Hulin (Eds.) Computational Modeling of Behavior in Organizations: The Third Scientific Discipline. pp. 269-273. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Krackhardt, David [2000]
- " Measuring and Modeling Change in C3I Architecture." In Proceedings of the 2000 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Monterey, CA. Carley, Kathleen M., Yuqing Ren & David Krackhardt [2000]
- " Social Capital of Twenty-first Century Leaders." In James. G. Hunt, George E. Dodge, and Leonard Wong (eds.) Out-of-the-box Leadership: Transorming the Twenty-First-Century Army and Other Top-Performing Organizations. Brass, Daniel, and David Krackhardt [1999]
- " Positive Affectivity and Accuracy in Social Network Perception." Motivation and Emotion, 23(4): 285-306. *Casciaro, Tiziana, Kathleen Carley, and David Krackhardt [1999]
- " Whether Close or Far: Perceptions of Balance in Friendship Networks in Organizations." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76:770-782. *Krackhardt, David and Martin Kilduff [1999]
- " The Ties that Torture: Simmelian Tie Analysis in Organizations." Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 16:183-210. *Krackhardt, David [1999]
- "A Typology for C2 Measures." In Proceedings of the 1999 International Symposium on Command and Control Research and Technology, June, Newport, RI Carley, Kathleen M., and David Krackhardt [1999]
- " A PCANS Model of Structure in Organizations." Proceedings of the 1998 International Symposium on Command and Control Research and Technology. June. Monterey, CA. *Krackhardt, David and Kathleen Carley [1998]
- " Simmelian Ties: Super Strong and Sticky." In Roderick Kramer and Margaret Neale (Eds.) Power and Influence in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage, pp 21-38. Krackhardt, David [1998]
- " A Test of Communication and Cultural Similarity in Polynesian Prehistory." Current Anthropology, 39(5):699-703. With this publication, my Erdos number becomes 2. *Hage, Per, Frank Harary and David Krackhardt [1998]
- " Endogenous Preferences: A Structural Approach," in Jennifer Halpern and Robert N. Stern (Eds.) Debating Rationality: Nonrational Aspects of Organizational Decision Making, Cornell University Press, pp. 239-247. Krackhardt, David [1998]
- " Organizational Viscosity and the Diffusion of Controversial Innovations," Journal of Mathematical Sociology. 22:177-199. *Krackhardt, David [1997]
- " Social Capital and Career Mobility: A Structural Theory of Lower Returns-to education for Asians," Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 33(3): 316-334. *Friedman, Raymond and David Krackhardt [1997]
- " The Effects of Spatial Arrangements on Perceptions of Graphs", Social Networks, 19(2). *McGrath, Cathleen, Jim Blythe, and David Krackhardt [1997]
- " A Brief History of Balance through Time," Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 21: 113-131 *Doreian, Patrick, Roman Kapuscinski, David Krackhardt, and Janusz Szczypula [1996]
- " Comment on Burt and Knez’ Third-Party E®ects on Trust." Rationality and Society, 8 (1): pp. 111-116 Krackhardt, David [1996]
- " Social Networks and the Liability of Newness for Managers." In C. L. Cooper and D. M. Rousseau (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. New York, NY. Trends in Organizational Behavior, Volume 3, pp. 159-173. Krackhardt, David [1996]
- " Cognitive inconsistencies and non-symmetric friendship," Social Networks, 18:1-28. *Carley, Kathleen and David Krackhardt [1996]
- " Structural Leverage in Marketing." In Dawn Iacobucci (Ed.) Networks in Marketing, Sage, Thousand Oaks CA. pp. 50-59 Krackhardt, David [1996]
- " Seeing Groups in Graph Layouts", Connections, 19(2): 22-29. McGrath, Cathleen, Jim Blythe, and David Krackhardt [1996]
- " Entrepreneurial Opportunities in an Entrepreneurial Firm: A Structural Approach," in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Spring, pp. 53-69. *Krackhardt, David [1995]
- " Bringing the Individual Back In: A Structural Analysis of the Internal Market for Reputation in Organizations." Academy of Management Journal, 37: 87-108. *Kilduff, Martin, and David Krackhardt [1994]
- " KrackPlot 3.0: An Improved Network Drawing Program," Connections 17 (2): 53-55. Krackhardt, David and Jim Blythe and Cathleen McGrath [1994]
- " Intra-Organizational Networks: The Micro Side." In Stanley Wasserman & Joseph Galaskiewicz (eds.), Advances in the Social and Behavioral Sciences from Social Network Analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage, pp. 209-230. Krackhardt, David, and Daniel Brass [1994]
- " Constraints on the Interactive Organization as an Ideal Type." In Charles Heckscher & Anne Donnellan (eds.), The Post-Bureaucratic Organization. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, p. 211-222. Krackhardt, David [1994]
- " Graph Theoretical Dimensions of Informal Organizations." In Kathleen Carley & Michael Prietula (eds.), Computational Organizational Theory. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. pp. 89-111. Krackhardt, David [1994]
- " KrackPlot: A Picture’s Worth a Thousand Words." Connections, 16 (1&2): 37-47. Krackhardt, David, Mark Lundberg, and Laura O’Rourke [1993]
- "Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart." Harvard Business Review, 71 (July/August (4)): 104-111. Krackhardt, David, and Jeffrey Hanson [1993]
- " Organizational Aspects of Turkey’s Mass Media Family Planning Campaign." Krackhardt, David [1993]
- " A Caveat on the Use of the Quadratic Assignment Procedure." Journal of Quantitative Anthropology, 3 (4): 279-296. *Krackhardt, David [1992]
- " The Strength of Strong Ties: The Importance of Philos in Organizations." In N. Nohria & R. Eccles (eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form,and Action: 216-239. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Krackhardt, David [1992]
- " Friendship Patterns and Culture: The Control of Organizational Diversity." American Anthropologist, 92: 142-154. *Krackhardt, David, and Martin Kilduff [1990]
- " Assessing the Political Landscape: Structure, Cognition, and Power in Organizations." Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 342-369. *Krackhardt, David [1990]
- " Predicting with Networks: A Multiple Regression Approach to Analyzing Dyadic Data." Social Networks, 10 (December): 359-381. *Krackhardt, David [1988]
- " Informal Networks and Organizational Crises: An Experimental Simulation." Social Psychology Quarterly, 51: 123-140. *Krackhardt, David, and Robert Stern [1988]
- " QAP Partialling as a Test of Spuriousness." Social Networks, 9 171-186. *Krackhardt, David [1987]
- " Cognitive Social Structures." Social Networks, 9 109-134. *Krackhardt, David [1987]
- " The Snowball Effect: Turnover Embedded in Communication Networks." Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 50-55. *Krackhardt, David, and Lyman W. Porter [1986]
- " When Friends Leave: A Structural Analysis of the Relationship Between Turnover and Stayer’s Attitudes." Administrative Science Quarterly, 30: 242-261." *Krackhardt, David, and Lyman W. Porter [1985]
- " First Appearances Are Deceiving: The Impact of Teller Turnover in Banking." Journal of Bank Research, 14 (3) (Autumn): 184-192. *Dalton, Dan R., Krackhardt, David, and Lyman W. Porter [1983]
- " Turnover Overstated: The Functional Taxonomy." Academy of Management Review, 7: 117-123. *Dalton, Dan R., William D. Tudor, and David Krackhardt [1982]
- " Supervisory Behavior and Employee Turnover: A Field Experiment." Academy of Management Journal, 24: 249-259." *Krackhardt, David, J. McKenna, Lyman W. Porter, and R. M. Steers [1981]
- "Functional Turnover: An Empirical Assessment." Journal of Applied Psychology, 66: 716-721. *Dalton, Dan R., David Krackhardt, and Lyman W. Porter [1981]
- " Structural Change and the Disadvantaged: An Empirical Test of Culture of Poverty/ Situational Theories of Hardcore Work Behavior." Human Organization, 36: 304-309. *Davidson, Leonard, and David Krackhardt [1977]
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Elected Membership, Society of Organizational Behavior (2006-present) and Executive Committee member of SOB (2013-2016)
Elected Membership, Macro Organizational Behavior Society (2002-present)
Marvin Bower Fellowship, Harvard University (1990-91)
Mobil Scholar Award, Cornell University (1988)
Fellowship, Richard D. Irwin Foundation (1981-82)
Winner of the UCI Distinguished Student Lecture Series Award, 1980, for "The Power Gamma: An Alternative Approach to Monotonic Association Measurement." Student Paper, University of California, Irvine. Winner of the UCI Distinguished Student Lecture Series Award. (Subsequently published in the Proceedings of the national meeting of the American Institute of Decision Sciences, Las Vegas, NV.)
Research Excellence Award, UCI Alumni Association, 1978, for "Identifying Causality In Non-experimental Investigations." Unpublished paper, University of California, Irvine. Also, Outstanding Graduate Student Paper Award, presented by the Southern California Chapter of the American Statistical Association.
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Editor, Journal of Social Structure. This is a new electronic journal established in February, 1999, by the International Network of Social Network Analysis. The mission of the journal includes the dissemination of scholarly works taking advantage of computer enabled visual and interactive data analysis and presentations. I was Editor from 1999-2006, currently Executive Editor.
Area Editor, Journal of Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 1994 to present.
Editorial Board Member, Academy of Management Journal, 1993-1996.
Editorial Board Member, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1983-1992.
Member, Academy of Management
Member, International Network of Social Network Analysis
Additional Information
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Bachelor of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1973)
Master of Science in Administration, University of California, Irvine (1977)
Ph.D. in Organizational Behavior, University of California, Irvine (1984)